Iyini i-Optical Principle ye-Microscope?

Ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi ithuluzi lokugcina lokutholwa kwesayensi, isibonakhulu siguqule ukuqonda kwethu umhlaba onama-microscopic. Kusukela ekwembuleni izimfihlo zamangqamuzana kuye ekutholeni izinhlobo ezintsha zezinto eziphilayo, ama-microscopes asebenza njengesango eliya endaweni engaziwa. Enhliziyweni yomsebenzi wayo kukhona isimiso se-optics - umqondo oyisisekelo owenza isibonakhulu sikwazi ukukhulisa izinto zibe amazinga angabonakali ngeso lenyama. Kule bhulogi, sizongena emhlabeni othakazelisayo we-microscopy futhi sihlole ama-optics akwenza konke kwenzeke.

Ngaphambi kokutshuza ku-optics yesibonakhulu, ake simboze kafushane izinto eziyisisekelo ze-optics. Ukuziphatha kokukhanya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwanoma iyiphi insimbi yokubona, okuhlanganisa nezibonakhulu. Ukukhanya kwakhiwe izinhlayiya ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-photon, ezisebenza njengamagagasi nezinhlayiya. Lawa ma-photon ahamba ngomugqa oqondile aze ahlangane nemidiya ehlukahlukene njengamalensi noma izinjongo.

Umgomo we-optical we-microscope:

Umnyombo wesimiso sokubona kwe-microscope usekelwe ekuhlanganiseni kwamalensi asebenza ndawonye ukuze akhulise isithombe sento ebhekiwe. Isibonakhulu esivamile esiyinhlanganisela siqukethe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezibalulekile: izibuko zamehlo, izinjongo, i-condenser, nomthombo wokukhanya.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-microscope:

1. Ilensi yenhloso:

Ilensi yenhloso inesibopho sokuqoqa ukukhanya entweni ebonwayo futhi yakhe isithombe esihlanekezelwe esikhulisiwe. Lawa ma-lens anobukhulu obuhlukile futhi ayashintshana. Njengoba zibekwe ngokuqondile ngaphansi kwesiteji sesampula, zandisa kakhulu amandla okukhulisa esibonakhulu, okuvumela umbukeli ukuthi abone imininingwane emincane kakhulu.

2. Isiqephu samehlo:

I-eyepiece itholakala engxenyeni engenhla yesibonakhulu. Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukuqhubekisela phambili ukukhulisa isithombe esakhiwe ilensi yenhloso. Uma sibheka isithombe esikhulisiwe ngeso, amehlo ethu abona ukuboniswa okunemininingwane nokuthuthukisiwe.

3. I-Condenser:

I-condenser iyisistimu yelensi etholakala ngaphansi kwesiteji sesampula. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuqondisa nokugxilisa ukukhanya entweni ebonwayo. Ngokugxilisa ukukhanya endaweni encane, i-condenser ikhulisa ukugqama nokukhanya kwesampula, okuholela ezithombeni ezibukhali, ezibukhali.

4. Umthombo wokukhanya:

Izibonakhulu zithembele emithonjeni yokukhanya ehlukahlukene, njengamalambu okukhanya noma izibani ze-LED, ukuze zinikeze ukukhanya okudingekayo ukuze kuhlolwe amasampula. Ngokubeka umthombo wokukhanya ngaphansi kwesiteji, isibonakhulu siqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya kudlula entweni, kuthuthukise ukubonakala kwayo ngaphansi kokukhulisa.

Izimiso zokubona zesibonakhulu zingamandla aqhuba ikhono layo elimangalisayo lokubona ngeso lengqondo umhlaba ongabonakali. Ngenhlanganisela yezinhloso, izinto zamehlo, ama-condenser, nokukhanya okufanele, isibonakhulu singadalula izimfihlakalo zezinto ezincane kakhulu ngendlela ecace ngendlela emangalisayo. Njengoba ukuqonda kwethu lezi zimiso zokubona kuqhubeka ngokuba ngcono, amandla kanye nokunemba kwezibonakhulu zesimanje kuqhubeka ukwanda, okusivumela ukuthi sivule imingcele emisha yolwazi lwesayensi.