Ziyanda izinhlobo zama-microscopes, futhi ububanzi bokubuka futhi banzi futhi banzi. Uma sikhuluma nje, zingahlukaniswa zibe ama- microscopes optical nama-electron microscopes. Owokuqala usebenzisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo njengomthombo wokukhanya, kanti lesi sakamuva sisebenzisa imishayo ye-electron njengomthombo wokukhanya. Imakroskopu yamehlo ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngesakhiwo sazo, indlela yokubuka kanye nokusetshenziswa.
Kulesi sihloko, sizozihlukanisa zibe izinhlobo ezingu-9 ezivame kakhulu ngokuvumelana nokusetshenziswa kwazo, ukuze uqonde kangcono i-microscope futhi ukhethe umkhiqizo ofanele.
- I-Biological Microscope
Ingxenye yokubona yesibonakhulu sebhayoloji ihlanganisa iziqeshana zamehlo namalensi anenjongo. Ilensi yenhloso iyingxenye eyinhloko yesibonakhulu. Izinjongo ezivame kakhulu yi-4x, 10x, 40x, kanye ne-100x, ehlukaniswe ngamaleveli amathathu: i-achromatic, i-semi-plan achromatic, kanye ne-plan achromatic. Amasistimu okubona angahlukaniswa abe yizinjongo ezinomkhawulo kanye nezinjongo ezingapheli. Izinjongo zokuhlela ze-achromatic azinawo amaphutha emkhakheni wokubuka futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwesayensi nasezintweni ezikhethekile zezokwelapha. Ikhanda le-microscope lingahlukaniswa libe yikhanda le-monocular, binocular kanye ne-trinocular. Ama-microscopes abona amasampula ngamehlo amabili ngesikhathi esisodwa. Iziqeshana zamehlo ezengeziwe zesibonakhulu esingunxantathu zingaxhunywa kumakhamera noma iziqeshana zamehlo zedijithali ukubonisa izithombe, ukulinganisa nokuhlaziya njengoba kudingeka emsebenzini noma ucwaningo.
Amasampula avame ukubukwa afaka amaslayidi ebhayoloji, amaseli ebhayoloji, amagciwane nesiko lamathishu, i-liquid sedimentation. Izibonakhulu zebhayoloji zingasetshenziselwa ukubuka, ukuxilongwa nokucwaninga kwesidoda, igazi, umchamo, indle, i-tumor cell pathology nokunye. Izibonakhulu zebhayoloji nazo zingasetshenziswa ukubuka izinto ezisobala noma ezikhanyayo, izimpushana nezinhlayiya ezinhle, njll.
- Isibonakhulu se-Stereo
Imakroskopu ye-stereo isebenza ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezimbili zokukhanya kuma-engeli ahluke kancane ukuze zikhiqize ukubuka okunezinhlangothi ezintathu kwesampula ngaphansi kwelensi, engabonwa ngama-binocular eyepieces. Ngokuvamile, ukukhulisa okungu-10x kuya ku-40x kuyatholakala, futhi lokhu kukhulisa okuphansi, okuhambisana nenkambu enkulu yokubuka nebanga lokusebenza, kuvumela ukukhohliswa okwengeziwe kwento ebhekwayo. Ezintweni ezi-opaque, isebenzisa ukukhanya okubonisiwe ukuze ubuke kangcono nge-3D.
Izibonakhulu ze-stereo zivame ukusetshenziswa ekwenzeni izinto ezifana namabhodi wesekethe, i-electronics, i-semiconductor kanye ne-botanical observation and study. Imakroskopu ye-stereo nayo ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola okuhlukahlukene kanye nocwaningo njengokufundisa kwezilwane, izingane zamashubhu okuhlola kanye nesayensi yempilo.
I-Polarizing Microscope
I-Polarizing Microscopes zisebenzisa ukukhohlisa kokukhanya ukwandisa umehluko phakathi kwezakhiwo ezahlukene nokuminyana ngaphansi kokukhulisa. Basebenzisa ukukhanya okudlulisiwe kanye/noma okubonisiwe, okuhlungwa nge-polarizer futhi kulawulwa i-analyzer, ukuze kugqanyiswe umehluko wokuthungwa, ukuminyana, kanye nombala endaweni yesampula. Ngakho-ke, zilungele ukubuka izinto ze-birefringent.
I-Polarizing microscopes ivame ukusetshenziswa ku-geology, petrology, chemistry kanye nezinye izimboni eziningi ezifanayo.
I-Metallurgical Microscope
Imakroskopu ye-Metallurgical amamicroscopes anamandla amakhulu aklanyelwe ukubuka amasampula angakuvumeli ukukhanya kudlule. Ukukhanya okubonisiwe kukhanya ngelensi yomgomo, kunikeza ukukhuliswa okungu-50x, 100x, 200x, 500x, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho no-1000x. Isibonakhulu se-Metallographic sisetshenziselwa ukuhlola i-microstructure, ukuqhekeka kwe-micron-scale, okunamathelayo okuncane kakhulu njengopende nosayizi wokusanhlamvu ezinsimbi.
Imakroskopu ye-Metallographic isetshenziswa embonini ye-aerospace, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, kanye nezinkampani ezihlaziya izakhiwo zensimbi, izinhlanganisela, ingilazi, ukhuni, izitsha zobumba, ama-polymers, namakristalu awuketshezi. Angaphinde asetshenziselwe imikhiqizo ehlobene embonini ye-semiconductor kanye nokuhlolwa nokuhlaziywa kwama-wafers.
I-Fluorescent Microscope
I-Fluorescent Microscopes ikhiphela ukukhanya kumaseli agcotshwe odayi be-fluorescent, okuvumela izici zeseli ukuthi zibonakale ngokucacile kune-microscope evamile kusetshenziswa ukukhanya okubonisiwe. I-Fluorescent Microscopes nayo izwela kakhulu futhi iyakwazi ukubona umehluko ekukhanyeni nasebudeni begagasi. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukubona imininingwane engakwazi ukubonakala ngezibonakhulu ezimhlophe zokukhanya okukhanyayo.
Ivame ukusetshenziswa ku-biology nakwezokwelapha ukutadisha amaprotheni eselula nokuhlonza amagciwane ezintweni eziphilayo.
I-Gemological Microscope
I-Gemological Microscope iyisibonakhulu esime mpo kabili esilula esiqhubekayo sokusondeza. Ukukhuliswa okuvame ukusetshenziswa izikhathi eziyi-10 kuye kwezingama-80. Ifakwe umthombo wokukhanya ophansi kanye nomthombo wokukhanya ongaphezulu, ifakwe nokukhanya kwensimu emnyama esetshenziswa nomthombo wokukhanya ongezansi, i-diaphragm elungisekayo neziqeshana zamatshe ayigugu. Ivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze ukubhekwa kwezinto eziningi nokucwaninga ngamatshe ayigugu besebenzisa izindlela ezidluliswayo noma ezibonisiwe.
Isetshenziselwa ukubuka nokuhlola amatshe ayigugu ezinhlobo ezahlukene namamaki, kanye nokumiswa kwamatshe ayigugu, ukuhlanganisa, nokulungisa.
IMicroscope yokuqhathanisa
Ama-microscopes wokuqhathanisa ama-microscopes akhethekile, abizwa nangokuthi i-forensic microscopes. Ayigcini nje ngokuba nomthelela wokukhulisa isibonakhulu esijwayelekile, kodwa futhi ikwazi ukubona isithombe sento ekwesokunxele nekwesokudla kumasistimu okubona ngesikhathi esisodwa nesethi yezicucu zamehlo. Ingakwazi ukuqhathanisa izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu nge-macroscopically noma nge-microscopically ukuhlola, ukuhlaziya nokukhomba umehluko omncane wazo ngesimo, inhlangano, isakhiwo, umbala noma impahla ngokusebenzisa i-docking, ukusika, ukugqagqana, ukuzungezisa, njll. Ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokuhlonza nokuqhathanisa. .
Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwalezi zinhlobo zama-microscopes amabili ku-criminology kanye ne-ballistics. Ziyizinsika zesayensi ye-forensic, futhi. Ezinye izinkambu zesayensi, ezihlanganisa i-paleontology kanye ne-archaeology, nazo zisebenzisa lezi zibonakhulu ezikhethekile ezihlanganisiwe.
I-Dark Field Microscope
Kukhona ishidi elikhanyayo phakathi nendawo ye-condenser yesibonakhulu se-darkfield, ukuze ukukhanya kokukhanyisa kungangeni ngqo kulensi yomgomo, futhi ukukhanya okuvezwa nokuphambukiswa yi-specimen kuphela okuvunyelwe ukufaka ilensi yomgomo, ngakho ingemuva of the field of view is black, and the end of the object is bright. Ngokusebenzisa lesi sibonakhulu, ama-microparticles amancane njengo-4-200 nm angabonakala, futhi ukulungiswa kungaba izikhathi ezingu-50 ngaphezu kwe-microscopes evamile.
Ukukhanya kwe-Darkfield kulungele ikakhulukazi ukukhombisa amakhonco, amaphethelo, imingcele kanye nama-refractive index gradients. Ukuze kubhekwe izidalwa ezincane zasemanzini, ama-diatom, izinambuzane ezincane, amathambo, imicu, izinwele, amagciwane angenabala, imvubelo, amangqamuzana amasiko ezicubu kanye ne-protozoa.
I-Phase Contrast Microscope
Isibonakhulu sokungafani kwesigaba sisebenzisa i-diffraction kanye nesenzakalo sokuphazamiseka kokukhanya ukuguqula umehluko wendlela yokubona noma umehluko wesigaba sokukhanya okudlula esibonelweni kube isibonakhulu somehluko we-amplitude esingaxazululwa ngeso lenyama. Umehluko phakathi kokukhanya nokumnyama ezithombeni zezinto ezinokuminyana okuhlukile uyathuthukiswa, angasetshenziswa ukubuka izakhiwo zamaseli angenabala. Imakroskopu yokungafani yesigaba ingahlukaniswa ngamakroskopu okugqama kwesigaba esiqondile kanye namamicroscopes wokungafani wesigaba esihlanekezelwe.
Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukutshalwa nokubhekwa kwesidoda, amangqamuzana aphilayo kanye namagciwane, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngemisebenzi ekhethekile njengokubhekwa kwe-embryo morphology kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezigaba zombungu.
Sethemba ukuthi okuqukethwe okungenhla kungakusiza ukhethe uhlobo olufanele lwesibonakhulu, uma unemibuzo, sicela usithinte.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-06-2022